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Dog Training Secrets: reinforcement and punishment

Dogs gain practical information on the social and physical consequences their behavior so they can control and manipulate the important events vital to their interests. Animal behaviorist defines reinforcements years penalties as follows:
Reinforcement (R) increases the relative probability of the behavior that follows.
Punishment (P) decreases the relative probability of behavior that follows.
Then the dog decides what is reinforcing or punishment, and it is not. We can only observe the dog and his actions and behavior. It is also good to decide and know what kind of behavior you want before you begin training, because the building will affect the dog's behavior. Example food is soothing reinforcement more dogs, but playing with toys is exciting.

Reinforcements and punishments can be divided in positive (+) and negative (-):
Positive reinforcement (R +) occurs when the behavior of dogs is enhanced by the production or extended some desirable result.
Negative reinforcement (R-) occurs when the behavior of dogs is enhanced by reducing or avoiding certain consequences reactions.
negative punishment (P-) occurs when the behavior of dogs is weakened by the omission of the presentation of the result of reinforcement.
Positive punishment (P +) occurs when the behavior of animals is impaired by the presentation of previosly escaped or avoided thereafter.

positive punishment involves many risks and disadvantages. It is associated with the solicitation of various concomitant emotional states, particularly frustration, anxiety and fear. Repression is usually dog to fear something that is present in the training session. It is very likely that the fear dog is sent to the owner, because she / he is always present. classic conditioning occurs.

In dog training, using both positive reinforcement and positive punishment has many drawbacks. First, weakens the power of reward. On the other hand, the withdrawal of reward (negative punishment) is not so good tool in dog training more. There is very powerful to "inform" the dog when he does something wrong by removing the reward. Repression does not also say that dog do. It is important to remember that harsh punishment causes serious risks and drawbacks. Although we wouldnt think that the ethical side of the penalty, there are still many good reasons not to use positive sentences. When you build the dog's behavior, it is entrepreneurship. But use sanctions in the positive dog training could lead to dog's passivity, he begins to avoid things that could lead to punishment. And if the penalty was unpredictable and uncontrollable from the perspective of dog – dogs are never quite sure where the trouble is coming, and never quite sure why it is administered – it may start to avoid any activity. In the case of dog training is almost impossible or very slow, because we use much time to get action in dogs. Meet the positive reinforcement of a psychological and physiological needs. For example, when the dog is hungry and he learns that leads the meeting to food, after several positive experiences (seated – Food>) the likelihood that the dog sitting on the selection is increased. Through this simple lesson, the dog learns not only how to sit, but, more importantly, the dog learns that his action can control the environment. And it is a result which makes learning intrinsically rewarding. Building also has many irregular and perhaps unexpected features. For example, while the possibility of eating is a very strong capacity for a hungry dog, the dog can also find just feel the food reinforcement.

When we look at reinforcement and punishment in dog training, it is worth recalling that the provision of everything that the dog prefers to be a given time may function as a reward. On the other hand, nothing but the dog likes to keep to a particular time can be used as punishment. During the process of training the dogs as some expectations and predictions on the outcomes associated with their behavior. So, if a dog gets a reward that is much lower than expected, the result is perceived as a punitive measure (and disappointing), resulting from the trial record of the lowest response. So I repeat: the dog decides what is the reinforcement or punishment, and it is not.

Timing and repetition play an important role in training dogs. For a building is to be effective, it must monitor the target behavior and optimally, the enhancer must be presented immediately after the target behavior is emitted. Dog learns that if the consequences of his behavior follows relatively quickly. Using only unconditioned reinforcer (eg food and toys), especially the teaching of new things for the dog, the reinforcement can be difficult. Clicker clicker trainers use as conditioned building, but it could be any type of stimulus. conditioned reinforcement is needed when we want to reinforce in a very precise, two second OT. But teaching activities dogs long term, for example, "stay", it is useful.

When the reinforcement with the dog training, it is important to remember the timed right. During the early stages training a new behavior is reinforced every time it happens and once a stable operating level is reached, the dog's behavior is generally under the control of an intermittent reinforcement schedule. For example, when you teach your dog to "follow" intermittent reinforcement makes behavior more resistant to extinction. Dog never knows when the award is presented to him and he maintains good performance with the exercise hole.

About the Author

Article written by animal trainer Hannele Hoffren http://dogtrainingandbehavior.blogspot.com/

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